Lymphocytoma cutis on the inguinal region: report of a rare case of benign lymphoproliferative disorder

Abstract Lymphocytoma cutis, or benign reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, is an inflammatory skin lesion that mimics clinically and histologically malignant lymphoma. Most cases are idiopathic, but they may also be triggered by multiple factors, such as insect bites, tattoos, injections and herpes zoster. Clinically, the lesions are erythematous, soft papules, plaques or nodules, usually located on the upper limbs and face. The diagnosis is mainly based on histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Corticosteroid injections, cryosurgery, PUVA therapy, radiotherapy and surgery can be therapeutic options in cases requiring immediate treatment. To demonstrate an atypical presentation of this tumor, a case lymphocytoma skin on the groin will be reported, describing its diagnosis and treatment.

Red nodule on the face with "spontaneous" regression

Abstract Pseudolymphomatous folliculitis is a rare entity included among the cutaneous pseudolymphomas. A 32-year-old man, with an unremarkable medical history, presented with a two-month history of an asymptomatic solitary nodule on his left cheek. Histopathological examination demonstrated a dense nodular and diffuse dermal lymphocytic infiltrate with numerous histiocytes and dendritic cells that surrounded hypertrophic hair follicles. Pseudolymphomatous folliculitis commonly presents in the fourth decade of life, with no sex predominance, as an asymptomatic, rapidly growing and solitary red dome-shaped nodule on the face. It has a benign clinical course as the lesions usually resolve with surgical excision or regress spontaneously after incisional biopsy. Although there is no report of pseudolymphomatous folliculitis progressing into lymphoma in the literature, follow-up of these patients is recommended.

Possibly drug-induced palpable migratory arciform erythema

Palpable migratory arciform erythema is an entity of unknown etiology, with few published cases in the literature. The clinical and histopathological features of this disease are difficult to be distinguished from those of Jessner’s lymphocytic infiltration of the skin, lupus erythematous tumidus and the deep erythema annulare centrifugum. We describe here the first two Brazilian cases of palpable migratory arciform erythema. The patients presented with infiltrated annular plaques and erythematous arcs without scales. These showed centrifugal growth before disappearing without scarring or residual lesions after a few days. They had a chronic course with repeated episodes for years. In addition, these cases provide evidence of a drug-induced etiology.

Benign nodules mimicking hepatocellular carcinoma on gadoxetic acid-enhanced liver MRI

No abstract available.

T-cell-predominant lymphoid hyperplasia in a tattoo

Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia (CLH) can be idiopathic or secondary to external stimuli, and is considered rare in tattoos. The infiltrate can be predominantly of B or T-cells, the latter being seldom reported in tattoos. We present a case of a predominantly T CLH, secondary to the black pigment of tattooing in a 35-year-old patient, with a dense infiltrate of small, medium and scarce large T-cells. Analysis of the rearrangement of T-cells receptor revealed a polyclonal proliferation. Since the infiltrate of CLH can simulate a T lymphoma, it is important to show that lesions from tattoos can have a predominance of T-cells.

Acral pseudolymphomatous angiokeratoma: case report and literature review / Angioqueratoma pseudolinfomatoso acral: relato de caso e revisao da literatura

The authors describe a case of a female patient with Acral Pseudolymphomatous Angiokeratoma of Children, known as APACHE. It is a rare benign cutaneous disease, of unknown etiology, characterized by multiple, asymptomatic erythematous-violaceous papules and nodules, usually located unilaterally with acral distribution. Today, this denomination is questionable, since there are published reports of this disease in adults and in different locations. Clinically, it is similar to an angiokeratoma, whereas hystologically, it corresponds to a distinct type of pseudolymphoma. The immunohistochemical study is required to distinguish APACHE from cutaneous lymphoma.

Relata-se o caso de uma paciente com diagnóstico de angioqueratoma pseudolinfomatoso acral, conhecido por sua sigla em inglês APACHE - Acral Pseudolymphomatous Angiokeratoma of Children. É uma doença cutânea benigna, rara, de etiologia desconhecida, caracterizada por múltiplas pápulas e nódulos eritêmato-violáceos assintomáticos, de localização geralmente unilateral e acral. Atualmente, questiona-se esta denominação, já que há relatos na literatura do quadro em adultos e em outras localizações. Clinicamente, é similar a um angioqueratoma, porém, histologicamente, corresponde a um tipo distinto de pseudolinfoma. O estudo imuno-histoquímico é necessário para diferenciação dos linfomas cutâneos.

Lymphocytoma cutis - case report / Linfocitoma cutis - relato de caso

We describe a clinical case involving a 62-year-old white male, diagnosed with lymphocytoma cutis (Spiegler-Fendt sarcoid) in the cephalic segment. The diagnosis was carried out by pathological study and confirmed by immunohistochemical panel: evidence of polyclonality. Phototherapy sessions were suggested as treatment (13 PUVA sessions, with an accumulated dose of 58.65 J/cm2 ). The improvement was partial. Thus, infiltration of triamcinolone was opted for (one intralesional infiltration every 3 weeks). After 5 sessions, satisfactory improvement was observed: regression of nearly all the lesions.

Relatamos um caso de um paciente de 62 anos, branco e com diagnóstico de linfocitoma cutis (Sarcoide de Spigler-Fendt) em segmento cefálico. O diagnóstico foi confirmado pelo histopatológico e reafirmado pelo painel imuno-histoquímico: evidência de policlonalidade. Sessões de fototerapia foram propostas como tratamento: 13 sessões de PUVA cuja dose acumulada foi de 58.65 J/cm2); a melhora foi parcial. Optado, então, por infiltrações de triancinolona (uma infiltração intralesional a cada 3 semanas). Na quinta sessão, satisfatória melhora já podia ser evidenciada: regressão de quase todas as lesões.

Reactive lymphoid hyperplasia of the liver

No abstract available.

Reações aos diferentes pigmentos de tatuagens: relato de dois casos / Reactions to the different pigments in tattoos: a report of two cases

A tatuagem é definida como deposição de pigmento intencional ou acidental na pele. Os pigmentos têm sido associados a diversas dermatoses, como a dermatite de contato alérgica, a dermatite liquenoide e as reações fotoinduzidas, granulomatosas, sarcoídeas e pseudolinfomatosas. Enfocam-se os diversos tipos de reações aos pigmentos e a importância de reconhecê-los clinicamente. São relatados dois casos: um de dermatite liquenoide sobre o pigmento vermelho e outro de pseudolinfoma sobre os pigmentos vermelho e lilás e de reação fotoinduzida sobre o amarelo. A remoção geralmente requer múltiplos tratamentos, e a maioria não retira as cores completamente.

Tattoos are defined as the intentional or accidental deposit of pigment into the skin. These pigments have been associated with various dermatoses such as allergic contact dermatitis, lichenoid dermatitis, photoinduced reactions, and granulomatous, sarcoid and pseudolymphomatous reactions. The objective of this report was to describe the various types of reactions to pigments and the importance of recognizing them clinically. Two cases are reported: one of lichenoid dermatitis resulting from a reaction to the red pigment of a tattoo and the other of a pseudolymphoma resulting from a reaction to red and lilac pigments and a photo-induced reaction to a yellow pigment. Removal generally requires multiple forms of treatment, most of which fail to remove the colors completely.

Polymerase chain reaction-Based clonality analysis of cutaneous B-cell lymphoproliferative processes

Introduction: The differential diagnosis of B-cell lymphoproliferative processes remains a challenge for pathologists, dermatologists and oncologists, despite advances in histology, immunohistochemistry and molecular biology. Objective: Evaluate aid and limitations of clonality analysis in the diagnosis of primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas and B-cell pseudolymphomas. Methods: This study included 29 cases of B-cell lymphoproliferative processes classified as primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas (13), B-cell pseudolymphomas (6) and inconclusive cases (10) using histology and immunohistochemistry. The clonality analysis was performed by polymerase chain reaction analysis of immunoglobulin light chain and heavy chain rearrangements. Results: DNA quality was shown to be generally poor; eight samples were inadequate for polymerase chain reaction analysis. The results showed monoclonality in eight of the primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas and polyclonality in four of the B-cell pseudolymphomas. In addition, monoclonality was shown in two of the inconclusive cases by histology and immunohistochemistry, demonstrating the utility of polymerase chain reaction as an ancillary diagnostic tool for primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas. Discussion: The low quality DNA extracted from these cases demanded the use of an IgH protocol that yielded small fragments and IgK. Both methods used together improved detection. Conclusion: Use of the two protocols, immunoglobulin heavy chain FR3-trad and immunoglobulin light chain-Kappa Biomed protocols for clonality analysis improved diagnostic accuracy.

Utilidad de segunda biopsia de ganglio linfático con informe previo de hiperplasia linfoide reactiva en niños / Usefulness of second lymph node biopsy with a prior report of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia in pediatric patients

Introducción: En niños con ganglios linfáticos superficiales aumentados de tamaño se debe tener cuidado en definir quién requerirá biopsia. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la utilidad de la biopsia de ganglio linfático superficial en el diagnóstico pediátrico. Métodos: De los informes histopatológicos de 364 biopsias de niños y adolescentes se consideró edad, sexo, tiempo de evolución de la adenomegalia, área anatómica, estudios de laboratorio y gabinete, y diagnósticos histopatológicos. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizaron pruebas estadísticas paramétricas y no paramétricas. Resultados: 211 pacientes masculinos (57.9 %) y 153 femeninos (42.0 %); el grupo entre uno y seis años representó 50.8 %, el tiempo promedio de evolución fue de cinco meses, el sitio anatómico predominante fue la región cervical. En 46.9 % se trató de hiperplasia linfoide reactiva seguida de neoplasias (24 %) y procesos granulomatosos (14.5 %); en 14.6 % se incluyeron infecciones diversas; en 95 pacientes con adenopatía en sitios de alarma, 29 eran oncológicos. El coeficiente de determinación de Spearman (R2 = 0.3485) indicó especificidad de patología en esas áreas, aunque la mayoría de los diagnósticos fue de ganglios en regiones diversas; prueba de Fisher con p < 0.0001. En 25 niños con hiperplasia linfoide reactiva en primer estudio, en segunda biopsia se estableció diagnóstico; la probabilidad binomial fue p = 0.0493, con 75 % de certeza y prueba de χ2 con p = 0.0512. Conclusiones: Los ganglios en regiones de alarma indican probabilidad para encontrar enfermedad; en crecimiento persistente con informe inicial de hiperplasia linfoide reactiva debe considerarse segunda biopsia pues existe probabilidad > 75 % de establecer la causa.

BACKGROUND: Physicians in daily practice frequently attend children who present an increase in lymph node size. Care should be taken to determine which children require biopsy. Our objective was to analyze the usefulness of the peripheral lymph node biopsy in pediatric diagnosis. METHODS: We reviewed histological reports of 364 lymph node biopsies. Variables were age, sex, lymphadenopathy evolution time, laboratory and imaging studies, and histopathology diagnoses. Parametric and nonparametric tests were used. RESULTS: There were 211 males (57.9 %) and 153 females (42.0 %), the 1- to 6-year age group included 50.8% of cases. Average disease-evolution time was 5 months, and the predominant anatomic site was the cervical region. Histological report was reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH) in 46.9%, followed by neoplasms in (24%), and granulomas (14.5%). Other diagnoses and normal lymph nodes represented 14.6 %. Of the 95 patients with high-risk lymphadenopathy, 29 cases had oncological diagnoses. Spearman coefficient was R(2) = 0.3485. To obtain a specific diagnosis indicates the probability of disease in lymph nodes of risk areas. However, the majority of the diagnoses were obtained from lymph nodes in different areas (Fisher's test, p <0.001). In 25 children with RLH, the binominal probability of diagnosis in the second biopsy was p = 0.0493. There was a >75% chance for detecting disease. CONCLUSIONS: Peripheral lymph nodes in high-risk regions indicate probability relationship for determining disease. In persistent lymphadenopathy with an initial report of RLH, it is important to consider a second biopsy with high probability for obtaining a specific diagnosis.

Histiocyte-Rich Reactive Lymphoid Hyperplasia of the Liver: Unusual Morphologic Features

Reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH) of the liver is a rare entity and has also been termed nodular lymphoid lesion or pseudolymphoma of the liver. We report a case of hepatic RLH exhibiting unusual histiocyte-rich histologic features in a 47-yr-old woman in conjunction with a renal cell carcinoma. A follow-up computed tomography scan was done 14 months after a right radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma revealed a nodular lesion in segment 5 of the liver. The lesion was interpreted as metastatic renal cell carcinoma or hepatocellular carcinoma based on the history of the patient and radiologic findings. Wedge resection of segment 5 was done with sufficient distance from the mass. Microscopically, the lesion was composed predominantly of peculiar histiocytic proliferation and was characterized by lymphoid aggregates forming a lymphoid follicle with germinal centers. The present case and prior cases reported in the literature suggest that RLH of the liver appear to be a heterogenous group of reactive inflammatory lesions that are often associated with autoimmune disease or malignant tumors.

Cutaneous lymphomas and pseudolymphomas: a ten-year study at Emam Reza and Omid hospitals in Mashhad, using immunohistochemical and new classification methods

Cutaneous lymphomas are monoclonal neoplasic proliferations of immune cells most frequently T or B cells that infiltrate skin.Development of new diagnostic methods, particularly those for immunophenotyping, have substantially changed classification of these neoplasms. These reasons prompted us to perform this study.To re-classify cutaneous lymphoma and peudolymphomas in Mashhad. We reevaluated the specimens from a recent 10-year period filing in Emam Reza and Omid hospitals pathology archives and selected 46 cases diagnosed as any kind of skin lymphoid neoplasms. Then further histochemical and immunohistochemical staining were performed. Forty-three cases of definitely diagnosed lymphohematopoietic cutaneous disorders were composed of 26 [60.5%] cutaneous T cell lymphoma [CTCL], 16 [14%] cutaneous B cell lymphoma, 7 [16.3%] pseudolymphoma and 1 [2.2%] case of Hodgkin's disease [secondary involvement]. CTCLs were the most common lymphomas of the skin and mycosis fungoides was the most common CTCL. Immunohistochemical techniques can be greatly helpful in diagnosis and classification of cutaneous lymphomas. However, routine microscopic evaluation still remains the principle method for diagnosis, especially when there is a close cooperation between dermatologists and pathologists